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Reporting period: July–September 2026 · W7 macro scorecard: Q3 2026 · CASABROVA Score: 1 November 2026 · Financing update: 2 November 2026; later central-bank decisions are dated separately in §5.
Editorial update: 5 November 2026, 15:40 Israel time (13:40 UTC). Includes the Bank of England and Czech National Bank decisions of 5 November; Mexico’s decision is pending, scheduled for 21:00 Israel time (19:00 UTC).
TL;DR
- The macro picture is mixed. In the Q3 W7 scorecard, 14 markets rose, 7 were flat and 8 fell. In Eurostat's 2026 Q2 figures, growth quickened in Slovenia (3.5% → 4.8% year on year), slowed in Estonia (2.7% → 1.8%), and remained negative in Romania (−1.1% → −2.0%). US consumer prices rose 3.7% in the year to September.
- Estonia leads the 1 November Score at 76.3, followed by the United States (73.8), Slovenia (73.6), Poland (72.9) and Ireland (72.8); the United Kingdom is 7th (72.1). Over the quarter, Cyprus (+5.7, 16th → 6th) and South Korea (+3.7, 23rd → 16th) rose most; Poland slipped from 1st to 4th.
- Between the quarter-end and 2 November, only one central bank in our 29 markets changed its rate — the Bank of Canada, +0.25 to 2.50% on 28 October — and it did not reach the fixed mortgage rates we track. The financing review covers decisions through 2 November. After the cut, Australia raised its rate to 4.85% (3 November), Poland held at 3.75% (4 November), and the Bank of England raised Bank Rate to 4% (5 November). The Czech National Bank also raised its two-week repo rate from 3.75% to 4.00%, effective 6 November. Mexico’s decision remains pending, scheduled for 21:00 Israel time on 5 November.
This briefing is also our November 2026 monthly edition: there is no separate November report.
1. The Score — where the 29 markets stand
The CASABROVA Score as of 1 November 2026 incorporates the Q3 W7 update. The tables compare it with the monthly readings of 1 October, 1 September and 1 August.
Top 5
| # | Market | 1 Nov | 1 Aug | Change | Rank on 1 Aug |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Estonia | 76.3 | 74.2 | +2.1 | 2 |
| 2 | United States (7 Sun Belt metros) | 73.8 | 72.0 | +1.8 | 5 |
| 3 | Slovenia | 73.6 | 73.4 | +0.2 | 3 |
| 4 | Poland | 72.9 | 74.5 | −1.6 | 1 |
| 5 | Ireland | 72.8 | 72.8 | 0.0 | 4 |
Cyprus (72.4) and the United Kingdom (72.1) sit just outside. Fourth to seventh place are separated by eight tenths of a point: read them as a group, not as a ladder.
The full board
| # | Market | 1 Nov | 1 Oct | 1 Sep | 1 Aug | Quarter change | Rank 1 Aug → 1 Nov | Bubble risk (1 Nov) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Estonia | 76.3 | 74.6 | 74.5 | 74.2 | +2.1 | 2 → 1 | Medium |
| 2 | United States (7 Sun Belt metros) | 73.8 | 72.3 | 72.3 | 72.0 | +1.8 | 5 → 2 | Medium |
| 3 | Slovenia | 73.6 | 74.3 | 73.5 | 73.4 | +0.2 | 3 → 3 | Medium |
| 4 | Poland | 72.9 | 74.3 | 74.3 | 74.5 | −1.6 | 1 → 4 | Low-medium |
| 5 | Ireland | 72.8 | 72.9 | 72.9 | 72.8 | 0.0 | 4 → 5 | Medium |
| 6 | Cyprus (homes completed after 1999) | 72.4 | 68.6 | 66.6 | 66.7 | +5.7 | 16 → 6 | Medium |
| 7 | United Kingdom (England) | 72.1 | 71.2 | 71.2 | 71.2 | +0.9 | 7 → 7 | Medium |
| 8 | Germany | 71.2 | 71.2 | 69.2 | 69.3 | +1.9 | 10 → 8 | Low-medium |
| 9 | UAE (Dubai) | 71.1 | 71.4 | 71.4 | 71.2 | −0.1 | 6 → 9 | Medium-high |
| 10 | Netherlands | 70.3 | 68.9 | 70.9 | 70.9 | −0.6 | 8 → 10 | Medium-high |
| 11 | Denmark | 70.0 | 69.1 | 69.1 | 69.0 | +1.0 | 11 → 11 | Medium-high |
| 12 | Greece | 69.6 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.1 | −0.5 | 9 → 12 | Medium |
| 13 | Japan | 69.0 | 69.3 | 68.6 | 68.4 | +0.6 | 12 → 13 | Medium |
| 14 | Romania | 68.1 | 67.2 | 66.9 | 67.0 | +1.1 | 14 → 14 | Medium |
| 15 | Thailand | 68.1 | 67.3 | 67.3 | 67.5 | +0.6 | 13 → 15 | Medium |
| 16 | South Korea | 67.7 | 64.3 | 64.3 | 64.0 | +3.7 | 23 → 16 | Medium |
| 17 | New Zealand | 67.7 | 67.0 | 67.0 | 66.9 | +0.8 | 15 → 17 | Medium |
| 18 | Georgia | 67.4 | 65.8 | 65.5 | 65.2 | +2.2 | 21 → 18 | Not rated |
| 19 | Canada (Ontario) | 66.0 | 66.0 | 66.0 | 65.6 | +0.4 | 19 → 19 | Medium |
| 20 | Croatia | 65.6 | 65.3 | 65.3 | 65.5 | +0.1 | 20 → 20 | Medium-high |
| 21 | Israel | 65.3 | 66.4 | 66.4 | 66.1 | −0.8 | 17 → 21 | Medium-high |
| 22 | Spain | 65.2 | 65.8 | 65.8 | 65.8 | −0.6 | 18 → 22 | Medium-high |
| 23 | Czechia | 65.1 | 65.1 | 65.1 | 65.0 | +0.1 | 22 → 23 | High |
| 24 | Portugal | 63.9 | 63.3 | 63.3 | 63.4 | +0.5 | 24 → 24 | High |
| 25 | Italy | 62.6 | 62.6 | 62.6 | 62.3 | +0.3 | 25 → 25 | Medium |
| 26 | Hungary | 58.5 | 56.6 | 56.6 | 56.7 | +1.8 | 26 → 26 | High |
| 27 | Mexico (Mexico City) | 56.7 | 56.0 | 56.0 | 55.7 | +1.0 | 28 → 27 | High |
| 28 | Australia (New South Wales) | 56.3 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 55.7 | +0.6 | 27 → 28 | High |
| 29 | Singapore | 55.2 | 53.2 | 53.2 | 52.8 | +2.4 | 29 → 29 | Medium-high |
Seven markets moved by less than half a point over the comparison period: Slovenia, Ireland, the UAE, Canada, Croatia, Czechia and Italy. Score and rank changes describe the assessment of each market, not property investment returns.
2. This month: 1 November vs 1 October (the November edition)
Top 5 this month
| # | Market | 1 Nov | 1 Oct | Change | Rank on 1 Oct |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Estonia | 76.3 | 74.6 | +1.7 | 1 |
| 2 | United States | 73.8 | 72.3 | +1.5 | 5 |
| 3 | Slovenia | 73.6 | 74.3 | −0.7 | 3 |
| 4 | Poland | 72.9 | 74.3 | −1.4 | 2 |
| 5 | Ireland | 72.8 | 72.9 | −0.1 | 4 |
The same five markets as on 1 October, in a different order: the United States moved from 5th to 2nd, Poland from 2nd to 4th.
Movers — two points or more, or two places or more
- Cyprus +3.8 (68.6 → 72.4), 13th → 6th. Bubble risk fell from medium-high to medium and the sovereign credit-risk reading improved, outweighing a one-point fall in W7.
- South Korea +3.4 (64.3 → 67.7), 23rd → 16th. The increase was concentrated in the Q3 macro scorecard, especially its demographics and monetary layers.
- Singapore +2.0 (53.2 → 55.2), stays 29th. A higher Q3 macro scorecard, led by the external-position layer.
- Georgia +1.6 (65.8 → 67.4), 20th → 18th. A higher macro scorecard and governance reading.
- United States +1.5 (72.3 → 73.8), 5th → 2nd. A higher macro scorecard and bubble risk down to medium, partly offset by a lower governance reading. September inflation was 3.7%.
- Netherlands +1.4 (68.9 → 70.3), 12th → 10th. A higher macro scorecard, led by market maturity.
- Poland −1.4 (74.3 → 72.9), 2nd → 4th. A two-point lower macro scorecard and a lower governance reading. Price, yield, tax and regulation readings were unchanged.
- Israel −1.1 (66.4 → 65.3), 17th → 21st. Bubble risk rose from medium to medium-high, partly offset by a two-point higher macro scorecard.
- Spain −0.6 (65.8 → 65.2), 19th → 22nd. A one-point lower macro scorecard and a lower governance reading.
- Greece −0.4 (70.0 → 69.6), 9th → 12th. A three-point lower macro scorecard was largely offset by governance and credit-risk readings; Cyprus, the Netherlands and Denmark moved ahead.
- Japan −0.3 (69.3 → 69.0), 10th → 13th. A one-point lower macro scorecard; Cyprus, the Netherlands and Denmark moved ahead.
- UAE −0.3 (71.4 → 71.1), 6th → 9th. Its score changed little, while Cyprus, the United Kingdom and Germany moved ahead in rank.
Also worth noting: Estonia +1.7 stays 1st, with bubble risk down from medium-high to medium, a one-point higher macro scorecard and an updated credit-risk reading. The United Kingdom +0.9 (8th → 7th) benefited from lower bubble risk, partly offset by lower macro and governance readings. Hungary +1.9 remains 26th, with a three-point higher macro scorecard. Germany, Canada, Czechia and Italy did not move.
For buyers: a bubble-risk band is a pressure signal, not a forecast of a crash or a guarantee of safety. Israel now sits in the same band as the UAE, the Netherlands, Denmark, Croatia, Spain and Singapore.
3. Quarter movers (1 August → 1 November)
Eleven markets moved by at least two points or three places between 1 August and 1 November.
Nearly on the list: Germany +1.9, 10th → 8th, with bubble risk down to low-medium, and Hungary +1.8, with a higher macro scorecard.
4. W7 macro scorecard: Q3 vs Q2
W7 is the quarterly macro scorecard beneath the Score: six layers covering economic health, demographics, property-market maturity, monetary conditions, external position and bubble pressure, scored 0–31 in total. The Q3 edition covers conditions around 30 September 2026 and includes subsequent releases for the periods concerned. The monthly Score uses the Q3 W7 update and its own more recent bubble-risk reading.
W7 total and layers — Q3 2026 (Q2 2026 in brackets)
| Market | Q2 | Q3 | Change | Economic health | Demographics | Market maturity | Monetary | External | Bubble pressure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Korea | 19 | 26 | +7 | 5 (4) | 4 (1) | 4 (5) | 5 (1) | 5 | 3 |
| Singapore | 19 | 23 | +4 | 4 | 3 | 5 (4) | 4 (5) | 5 (1) | 2 |
| Hungary | 14 | 17 | +3 | 3 (2) | 2 | 4 (3) | 4 | 3 (2) | 1 |
| Netherlands | 20 | 23 | +3 | 4 | 4 | 4 (1) | 4 (3) | 4 (5) | 3 |
| Denmark | 22 | 24 | +2 | 4 | 4 | 5 (2) | 5 | 4 (5) | 2 |
| Georgia | 14‡ | 16‡ | +2 | 3 | 2 | 4 (2) | 4 | 3 | Not rated† |
| Israel | 23 | 25 | +2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 (4) | 4 (3) | 3 |
| New Zealand | 21 | 23 | +2 | 4 | 4 | 5 (1) | 3 (4) | 4 (5) | 3 |
| United States | 22 | 24 | +2 | 3 | 5 (4) | 5 (3) | 4 (5) | 5 | 2 |
| Australia | 22 | 23 | +1 | 4 (3) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| Germany | 22 | 23 | +1 | 4 (2) | 4 (2) | 4 (5) | 4 (5) | 4 (5) | 3 |
| Estonia | 19 | 20 | +1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 (3) | 4 | 2 |
| Romania | 18 | 19 | +1 | 2 | 2 | 4 (3) | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Thailand | 20 | 21 | +1 | 3 | 4 | 4 (2) | 4 (5) | 4 | 2 |
| Canada | 22 | 22 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 (4) | 4 | 4 (5) | 3 |
| Czechia | 20 | 20 | 0 | 4 (3) | 2 | 4 (5) | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Croatia | 19 | 19 | 0 | 4 (3) | 2 | 4 | 3 (4) | 4 | 2 |
| Ireland | 22 | 22 | 0 | 2 (4) | 4 (2) | 5 (3) | 3 (5) | 5 | 3 |
| Italy | 20 | 20 | 0 | 3 (1) | 3 (2) | 4 (5) | 3 (5) | 4 | 3 |
| Mexico | 16 | 16 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 (1) | 4 | 3 (4) | 1 |
| UAE | 21 | 21 | 0 | 3 (5) | 4 | 4 (3) | 4 (5) | 4 (2) | 2 |
| Cyprus | 20 | 19 | −1 | 5 (2) | 4 | 4 (5) | 2 (4) | 2 (3) | 2 |
| Spain | 20 | 19 | −1 | 2 | 3 (2) | 4 (5) | 3 (4) | 4 | 3 |
| Japan | 22 | 21 | −1 | 2 (3) | 4 (3) | 4 (5) | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Portugal | 21 | 20 | −1 | 4 (3) | 3 | 4 (5) | 3 (4) | 4 | 2 |
| United Kingdom | 24 | 23 | −1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 (5) | 3 |
| Poland | 25 | 23 | −2 | 5 | 2 (3) | 4 (5) | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Slovenia | 24 | 22 | −2 | 4 (3) | 3 (4) | 4 (5) | 3 (5) | 5 (4) | 3 |
| Greece | 20 | 17 | −3 | 2 (1) | 2 (4) | 4 | 2 (4) | 4 | 3 |
A bracket appears only where the layer changed. † Georgia's bubble-pressure layer is not rated, as in the Score. ‡ Georgia's totals therefore cover five layers, not six, and are not comparable with the other markets' totals.
The largest component moves
- South Korea +7. Demographics rose three points and monetary conditions four, alongside a one-point gain in economic health and a one-point decline in market maturity.
- Singapore +4. External position rose four points and market maturity one, partly offset by a one-point fall in monetary conditions.
- Hungary +3. Economic health, market maturity and external position each rose one point.
- Netherlands +3. Market maturity rose three points; a one-point monetary gain offset a one-point external-position decline.
- Denmark +2. Market maturity rose three points and external position fell one.
- New Zealand +2. Market maturity rose four points, with monetary conditions and external position each down one.
- Georgia +2. The increase came from market maturity. Its bubble-pressure layer is not rated.
- Israel +2. Monetary conditions and external position each rose one point.
- United States +2. Demographics rose one point and market maturity two; monetary conditions fell one. US consumer prices rose 3.7% in the twelve months to September 2026, published on 14 October.
- Slovenia −2. Economic health and external position each rose one point, while demographics and market maturity each fell one and monetary conditions fell two.
- Poland −2. Demographics and market maturity each fell one point; economic health remained at the top of the scale.
- Greece −3. A one-point gain in economic health was outweighed by two-point declines in both demographics and monetary conditions.
Data coverage
Official series differ in coverage and reporting dates. These are the main qualifications relevant to comparison:
- Series with differences in coverage: the share of inward foreign investment going outside finance and real estate for Cyprus, Romania and Slovenia (Eurostat), Germany (Deutsche Bundesbank) and Georgia (Geostat); youth unemployment for Georgia, Singapore and the UAE (International Labour Organization); home-ownership for Israel (Central Bureau of Statistics household survey, 2023), Japan (Housing and Land Survey, 2023) and Singapore (resident households only, 2025); real growth for Thailand (NESDC, Q2 2026) and the UAE (preliminary Q2 2026 figure reported by WAM).
- Other official series and reference periods: government debt for Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Singapore and Thailand (IMF); unemployment for Singapore, Thailand and the UAE, and UAE inflation and income per head (World Bank); home-ownership for Georgia (Geostat, 2024), Hungary (Eurostat, 2025) and Thailand (national survey, 2016 — the most recent official figure); foreign-investment structure for Spain (OECD, 2023) and Croatia (Eurostat, 2023); the UAE's real policy rate from its central bank's base rate against 2025 inflation.
- Six inputs without an official value use the 29-market average: foreign-investment structure for Mexico, Singapore, the UAE and the United Kingdom; home-ownership for the UAE; sovereign credit risk for Estonia.
5. What changed in rates since the quarter ended
The quarter closed on 30 September and W7 is a 30 September snapshot. October's decisions belong to the Q4 macro scorecard (due January 2027), not to Q3's. They do reach the mortgage rates inside our monthly Score, so here is every decision from 1 October to our data cut of 2 November, with official sources listed below.
In plain terms: one change, everything else on hold. The Bank of Canada raised its rate by a quarter point to 2.50%. Canadian banks moved their variable, prime-linked loans, but the five-year fixed rates we track for a foreign buyer did not move. Every other bank held. What did nudge mortgage rates in our tables in the last week of October were markets, not policy: US 30-year fixed rates eased slightly (our US figure −0.08), UAE interbank rates rose (+0.11), and euro-area rates moved by a few hundredths either way. Denmark's 0.30 increase reflects inclusion of the lender's ongoing contribution charge, rather than a rate increase. Singapore's mortgage-rate figure rose 0.03; the financing reference date is 2 November.
| Date | Central bank | Decision | Our markets | Included in the financing review? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 Oct | Narodowy Bank Polski | Hold, reference rate 3.75% | Poland | Yes |
| 8 Oct | National Bank of Romania | Hold, 6.50% | Romania | Yes |
| 14 Oct | Monetary Authority of Singapore | No change: the Singapore dollar's managed appreciation continues at the same pace | Singapore | Yes |
| 20 Oct | Magyar Nemzeti Bank | Hold, 5.50% | Hungary | Yes |
| 21 Oct | Bank of Israel | Hold, 3.25% | Israel | Yes |
| 21 Oct | National Bank of Georgia | Hold, 8.25% | Georgia | Yes; no effect — our Georgian figure follows a lender's published terms |
| 22 Oct | Bank of Korea | Hold, 3.00% | South Korea | Yes; no effect — our Korean figure follows the published five-bank range |
| 28 Oct | US Federal Reserve | Hold, 3.75–4.00% | United States (and the UAE through the dirham peg) | Yes |
| 28 Oct | Bank of Canada | +0.25, to 2.50% | Canada | Yes; did not reach the fixed rates we track |
| 28 Oct | Reserve Bank of New Zealand | Hold, 2.75% | New Zealand | Yes |
| 28 Oct | Bank of Thailand | Hold, 1.00% | Thailand | Yes |
| 28 Oct | Central Bank of the UAE | Hold, 3.90% | UAE | Yes |
| 29 Oct | European Central Bank | Hold; deposit rate 2.50% | Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain | Yes |
| 29 Oct | Danmarks Nationalbank | No change; current-account rate 2.10% | Denmark | Yes |
| 30 Oct | Bank of Japan | Hold, around 1.25% | Japan | Yes |
Later decisions, through 5 November 2026: Reserve Bank of Australia, 3 November — raised its cash rate target by 0.25 to 4.85% · Narodowy Bank Polski, 4 November — held, reference rate 3.75% · Bank of England, 5 November — raised Bank Rate to 4%. The Czech National Bank, 5 November — raised its two-week repo rate from 3.75% to 4.00%, effective 6 November 2026. Banco de México’s decision remains pending, scheduled for 21:00 Israel time (19:00 UTC) on 5 November. These later policy decisions do not change the financing data reference date of 2 November.
The Bank of England’s rise to 4% was widely expected, but its forecast of inflation near 5% in mid-2027 and the possibility of higher rates for longer are important for buyers: financing costs and property valuations could remain under pressure. Even before the decision, quoted two-year fixed mortgage rates had risen by around 0.6 percentage points since July, while mortgage approvals in the three months to September were 8% lower than in the preceding three months. Together, these figures may signal cooling demand for property purchases, a risk buyers in England should consider alongside the potential pressure on valuations.
6. The quarter in cycle terms (Master Index)
The Master Index reads long-run cycle position from annual data — prices, transaction volumes, construction pipeline and foreign investment. It runs a year behind by design, and it does not produce quarterly phases.
| 2024 phase | Markets |
|---|---|
| Expansion | Israel, Romania, Slovenia, United States |
| Peak | Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Japan, Netherlands |
| Correction | South Korea, United Kingdom |
| Withdrawal | Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal |
| Not yet classified for 2024 | Croatia, Czechia, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Singapore, Spain, Thailand, UAE |
Canada's withdrawal classification reflects rising prices alongside falling foreign capital. Estonia's peak classification is provisional pending the following year's complete data. Israel is in expansion, with prices and foreign capital both rising.
7. Tax developments
The Netherlands now charges 8% transfer tax on investment homes, down from 10.4%, while Portugal applies 7.5% IMT to residential purchases by nonresidents, subject to residence and qualifying-rental exceptions. Italy has limited its non-business short-let regime to two apartments per tax year; above that threshold, the activity is presumed entrepreneurial. Canada’s federal Underused Housing Tax and annual return requirement no longer apply for 2025 onwards, although earlier obligations and provincial and municipal taxes remain.
Since quarter-end, Ireland has reduced its standard capital-gains tax rate from 33% to 31% for disposals from 7 October, while gains on development land remain at 33%. Looking ahead, UK legislation sets property-income rates of 22%, 42% and 47% from April 2027, subject to devolved rules; a further proposed increase to 24%, 44% and 49% is not yet law. A Greek bill would raise the base transfer-tax rate to 15% for individual buyers tax-resident outside the EU/EEA, for final purchase deeds from July 2027, subject to qualifying first-home relief. Slovenia’s proposed rental-tax relief has been adopted by parliament but has not entered into force pending a referendum.
Proposal, not law (Italy). Article 17 of the 2027 budget bill (A.C. 3174, presented 30 October 2026) would tax the gains accrued on shareholdings, securities, fund units, currencies, derivatives and crypto-assets when an individual who was resident for at least six of the last ten years moves abroad and Italy loses the right to tax — if those assets are worth at least €800,000. Each gain would be taxed under its ordinary rules; the government's technical report describes this as 26%, with government bonds counted at 48.08% of the gain. Real estate, dividends and interest are outside its scope. Payment would be due within 180 days; on a move within the EU, or to a state with tax-cooperation agreements, it could be deferred against a 50% advance and a guarantee. It would apply to departures from 1 January 2027. The technical report estimates €3.37 million of revenue in 2027 and expects part of the advances to be refunded.
8. Editorial output in Q3
Nine pieces published between 1 July and 30 September:
- "CASABROVA Global Investor Briefing — June 2026" (1 Jul)
- "After Spain: Where Europe's Foreign Property Money Goes Next" (2 Jul)
- "Romania Gets the Signal. Poland Stays on Watch." (3 Jul)
- "Q2 2026 Investor Briefing" (8 Aug), with full and executive PDFs
- "Germany's Housing Correction Created a Search Opportunity — Not a Buy Signal" (28 Aug)
- "CASABROVA Global Investor Briefing — September 2026" (5 Sep)
- "Focus for the Israeli investor: six months below last year, and what to know before buying a home outside Israel" (10 Sep)
- "Portugal After the Golden Visa Property Route: Is Demand Changing?" (27 Sep)
- "Cyprus's Housing Pipeline Is Expanding. Will Supply Catch Up?" (30 Sep)
The Germany piece reads well against this quarter's board: Germany's bubble reading fell to low-medium in October, consistent with a market that has already corrected. The Cyprus piece provides context for the housing-supply question alongside the market's rise to 6th in the Score.
9. How to read the figures
The report covers July–September 2026 and also serves as the November monthly edition. Score comparisons run from 1 August to 1 November. The Score is dated 1 November and incorporates the Q3 W7 update. Financing data are referenced to 2 November; later policy decisions are dated separately in §5.
The Master Index uses annual data and does not produce quarterly phases. Yield, rental and short-let figures are estimates based on AI-assisted research of publicly available data and are updated periodically.
Sources
CASABROVA data - CASABROVA Score — monthly readings of 1 August, 1 September, 1 October and 1 November 2026; methodology on the Score page, where the W7 macro scorecard is also described. - CASABROVA W7 macro scorecard — Q2 2026 (snapshot 1 July 2026) and Q3 2026 (30 September reference date). - CASABROVA mortgage and policy-rate register (readings of 26 October, 31 October and 2 November 2026), Master Index annual series, legal and tax register, and editorial archive for July–September 2026.
Official statistics - Eurostat, Euro indicators 2-07092026-AP, "GDP main components and employment estimates for the second quarter of 2026", 7 September 2026 — release - US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index — September 2026 (USDL-26-1574), 14 October 2026 — release - NESDC (Thailand), Q2 2026 GDP press release, 17 August 2026 — release - WAM, the UAE's official news agency, preliminary Q2 2026 GDP, 9 October 2026 — article
Central banks — decisions to the 2 November data cut - Narodowy Bank Polski, 7 October 2026 — press release - National Bank of Romania, 8 October 2026 — minutes, published 20 October - Monetary Authority of Singapore, 14 October 2026 — Monetary Policy Statement - Magyar Nemzeti Bank, 20 October 2026 — Monetary Council - Bank of Israel, 21 October 2026 — interest-rate decisions - National Bank of Georgia, 21 October 2026 — Monetary Policy Committee decisions - Bank of Korea, 22 October 2026 — Monetary Policy Decision - US Federal Reserve, 28 October 2026 — FOMC statement - Bank of Canada, 28 October 2026 — rate announcement - Reserve Bank of New Zealand, 28 October 2026 — OCR decision - Bank of Thailand, 28 October 2026 — MPC meetings - Central Bank of the UAE, 28 October 2026 — decision maintaining the base rate at 3.90% - European Central Bank, 29 October 2026 — key ECB interest rates - Danmarks Nationalbank, 29 October 2026 — official interest rates - Bank of Japan, 30 October 2026 — Monetary Policy Meetings
Central banks — after the data cut - Reserve Bank of Australia, 3 November 2026 — media release 2026-30 - Narodowy Bank Polski, 4 November 2026 — press release - Bank of England, November 2026 — Monetary Policy Report, including the mortgage-rate and approvals data available before the 5 November decision. - Czech National Bank, 5 November 2026 — Bank Board decision raising the two-week repo rate to 4.00%, effective 6 November. - Banco de México — 2026 decision calendar; 5 November decision still pending at this update.
Italy - Law of 30 December 2025, no. 199 (2026 budget law), article 1, paragraphs 25–26 — Normattiva - Consolidated income-tax code (Legislative Decree of 19 June 2026, no. 117), article 246 (new-residents option) and article 76 (the gains in scope of the proposal) - Bill A.C. 3174, 2027 state budget, presented 30 October 2026 — Chamber of Deputies page; article 17 in Tomo II; technical report in Tomo I, pp. 235–236
Cyprus - Special Defence Contribution Law 117(I)/2002, as amended including by Law 245(I)/2025 — consolidated text: section 2(3) (domicile) and section 3Δ (alternative method) - Tax Department, Circular 2/2026, 29 May 2026, alternative SDC method under section 3Δ — official PDF. pp. 1–2, paragraphs 2–8 (amount and eligibility); pp. 2–4, paragraphs 9–16 (transition, consecutive periods and deadlines); pp. 4–5, paragraphs 17–21 (payment); pp. 5–6, paragraphs 22–25 (irrevocability and scope). - Cyprus government business portal, income-tax treatment including rental income
Additional tax developments - Netherlands: Dutch government transfer-tax guidance; Government proposal - Portugal: Decree-Law 97/2026, articles 6, 9 and 18 - Italy: Italian Parliament, Law 199/2025, article 1 paragraph 17 - Canada: Underused Housing Tax Act, section 1.1; section 6.1 - Ireland: Parliamentary financial resolution; Revenue's rate guidance - United Kingdom: Finance Act 2026, sections 6–7; HMRC policy paper and proposed legislation - Greece: Parliamentary bill status; bill articles 16 and 52; current property-tax code, articles 27 and 42 - Slovenia: Government statement of 29 October
Disclaimer
The information presented is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, financial, tax, or investment advice. It is not binding and should not be relied upon as the basis for any decision. Before executing any transaction or investment in overseas real estate, consult a qualified lawyer, accountant, tax adviser and any other relevant professional in the territory concerned.
Tax, regulatory and yield data change frequently. CASABROVA updates from primary sources on a regular cycle but is not responsible for the accuracy of the information or for changes not yet reflected. All figures presented are indicative only.